Peru / Republic of Peru
- Cross-Cultural Nursing Database

Language

• Spanish (Peruvian Spanish)
• Quechua (since 1975)
• Aymara (since 1980)

(Wikipedia Peru)

nation

• Indigenous (47%)
• Mixed (40%)
• European (12%)
• Oriental, etc. (1%)

(Wikipedia Peru)

religion

• 89% for Roman Catholics.
• 6.71 TP3T for evangelical Protestants.

(Wikipedia Peru)

Food culture taboos, etc.

• Many dishes, like seviche, are rich in seafood.
• In the Sierra, as in Ecuador and Bolivia, it is customary to eat a type of jersey rat called cuy, and alpaca meat is also eaten. Corn and potatoes are also commonly eaten.

(Wikipedia Peru)

Customs, habits, health, etc.

1. sanitary conditions

1. Tap water is not suitable for drinking.
2. Meat, seafood, and eggs should be purchased at large supermarkets or stores with good credit, paying attention to freshness.

2. illness

1. altitude sickness
2. dengue fever
3. malaria
4. yellow fever
5. Other infectious diseases, etc.
   Bartonellosis (tardigrade) and Chagas disease (tardigrade) are transmitted by insects, etc. Typhoid fever, dysentery, hepatitis A, giardiasis, and hepatosuckworm disease are transmitted orally, and eye diseases, parasitic diseases, and skin diseases are caused by contact infection. Rabies has been reported in a small number of cases, and there have been cases of rabies caused by bat bites.

3. medical conditions

Compared to Japan and Western countries, medical technology is not as advanced and may require emergency transfer to a foreign country.
(Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, Overseas Safety Web Site)

Customs related to pregnancy and childbirth

In Peru, when the placenta does not come out easily, it is said that placing salt on the tongue of the mother makes it easier for the placenta to come out. It is not clear whether there is a cause-and-effect relationship, but it is practiced. The country has adopted the "fabric principle" (legislation that grants the nationality of the place of birth to the child, i.e., allowing a child born in one's own country to acquire the nationality of one's own country).
(Care The World Overseas Childbirth & Child-Raising Information Net, World Childbirth)

Customs related to childcare

• Babies often hiccup, and in Peru it is said that if a white piece of paper is placed on the forehead with a spit, the hiccups will stop.
• He also said that in the unsafe Peruvian cities, if you leave your baby in a stroller, he will be kidnapped, so he carries him wherever he goes.
• It seems that Japanese elementary school students in Lima tend to play only with NES and do not play outside very often. This is apparently because it is not safe, and moreover, their mothers cannot drive them to various places by themselves.

(Care The World Overseas Childbirth & Child-Raising Information Net, Worldwide Child-Raising)

Customs related to end-of-life and funerals

• After the wake, the mourners form a funeral procession to the cemetery, where a priest is invited to conduct a simple funeral service, and most are buried on the spot, except for deaths caused by contagious diseases.
• The largest cemetery in the capital city of Lima is located in the northeastern 10th district, and is divided into two sections, the old and the new. The old cemetery contains many grandiose items, including those of past presidents.
• Funeral rites in rural areas vary from tribe to tribe, but among people living in mountainous areas, it is customary for women who come to mourn at the wake to weep and watch over the body throughout the night. They do not often remove their hats, which are worn to ward off evil spirits and illnesses. The color of the hat varies from tribe to tribe.
• In the northern regions, the period of mourning is generally longer, and mixed-race people still wear black clothes to mourn the death of the last Inca.

("Sekai no funerals" by Hiromichi Shoto, published by Shincho Sensho in 1991)

immunization

BCG: 91
DTP1: 94
DTP3:91
Hepatitis B: 91
Hib: 91
Measles: 96
Tetanus: 85
Polio: 91
(2011) (WHO)

total fertility rate

2.5 (2010) (WHO)

Infant mortality rate (thousands of births vs.)

15 (2010) (WHO)

life expectancy

Male: 74 (2009) (WHO)
Female: 77 (2009) (WHO)