Excretion constitutes a fundamental physiological process responsible for eliminating metabolic and waste products from the body. While the term generally refers to urine and feces, excretion includes menstrual blood, releases from physical trauma or invasive procedures, and carbon dioxide contained in exhaled breath. This essential function, one of the “basic human needs”, is classified as an activity of daily living and is critical for maintaining bodily equilibrium. The balance between excretion and fluid intake serves as a significant indicator of the body’s internal state.

From a physiological standpoint, excretory organs and their functions are evaluated based on their normalcy and physiological significance. However, the act of excretion is intertwined with both comfort and discomfort, influencing individual perceptions of self-esteem. Moreover, excretion carries psychological and social connotations, often associated with reproductive functions and societal taboos, evoking feelings of shame and perceptions of dirtiness.

Furthermore, excretion as a daily activity is influenced by culture. Even if excretion is physiologically normal, if there is pain or concern associated with excretion, it is difficult to say that the associated needs are met. Additionally, excretory behavior is influenced by physical functions such as movement, posture maintenance, and joint movement, as well as lifestyles and habits related to excretion. Nursing professionals recognize excretion as a physiological necessity and a multidimensional aspect of human existence. They approach excretory care holistically, addressing the related functional, psychological, social, and cultural dimensions.

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