Basic human needs represent inherent and instinctive desires that drive human behavior toward satisfaction. A.H. Maslow proposed a hierarchical framework suggesting that meeting these needs contributes to psychological health and growth. The hierarchy includes:
1. Physiological needs: Desires essential for survival, such as food, water, air, and sex.
2. Safety needs: The desire for safety and protection from potential harm.
3. Belonging and love needs: The need for connection, belonging, and love.
4. Recognition needs: The desire to be acknowledged and appreciated by others.
5. Self-actualization: The desire to fulfill one’s potential and be authentic.
Maslow categorized needs 1 to 4 as deficiency needs, stating that their satisfaction is a prerequisite for pursuing the growth need (5) for self-actualization. Self-actualization represents a growth-oriented need that, when satisfied, propels individuals toward further personal development.

Unmet needs arise when individuals strive to maintain a balance between their mind, body, and society while navigating life, daily activities, and social interactions. These basic human needs are influenced by factors such as illness, treatment, environment, and personal characteristics. In nursing, the focus is on assisting individuals in meeting their basic human needs, taking into account these influential factors.

• Henderson, V. (2006). Fundamentals of nursing (New ed.; Yumaki, M., & Kodama, K., Trans.). Japanese Nursing Association Press.
• Japan Academy of Nursing Science, Nursing Academic Terminology Review Committee (Ed.). (1995). Nursing academic terminology (4th Academic Terminology Review Committee). Japan Academy of Nursing Science.
• Maslow, A. H. (1987). Psychology of humanity: Motivation and personality (Revised new edition.; Oguchi, T., Trans.). Sangyo University Press.