Physical assessment in nursing entails a comprehensive evaluation of the entire body system to ascertain its condition. This process involves organizing and analyzing gathered information to determine normalcy, deviations from normalcy, and potential issues. Subjective data acquired through interviews and objective data obtained via inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation are integral to this assessment. A sound understanding of human anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology is crucial for accurate data collection and assessment. While a full-body assessment may not always be necessary, it should be prioritized based on the individual’s physical and mental state.

Physical assessment in nursing originated as a necessity, driven by the expanding role of nursing in North America (USA, Canada), with formal education at universities and graduate schools commencing in the 1970s. In Japan, physical assessment was integrated into university education in the mid-1990s and is now commonly practiced in nursing settings.

Conversely, health assessment extends beyond physical examination to include psychological and social dimensions. It encompasses the evaluation of physical, psychological, and social well-being to comprehensively understand an individual’s overall health status (satisfaction, tranquility, happiness, etc.).

• Hinohara, S. (Ed.). (2006). Physical assessment: Diagnostic knowledge and skills necessary for nurses (4th ed.). Igaku-Shoin.
• Onoda, C. (Ed.). (2008). Practice! Physical assessment: Basic skills for nurses. Kanehara Publishing.
• Yamauchi, T. (2005). Physical assessment guidebook: What you can understand with your eyes, hands, and ears. Igaku-Shoin.